India’s relationship with the Jewish community is a fascinating tale that spans two millennia. This unique story showcases India’s legendary tolerance and the Jewish community’s remarkable ability to integrate while preserving their cultural identity.
Ancient Roots: The Arrival of Jews in India
The first Jews arrived in India around 2,000 years ago, landing on the shores of Kochi (formerly Cochin) in Kerala. These early settlers were likely part of King Solomon’s fleet, drawn by the lucrative spice trade. Some reports suggest they sought refuge after the destruction of their temple in Jerusalem.
A Safe Haven: India’s Welcoming Embrace
India quickly became a popular destination for Jews facing persecution elsewhere. The rulers of Kerala, particularly Bhaskara Ravi Varma I, granted special privileges to the Jewish community. This warm reception set the tone for centuries of peaceful coexistence.
Jewish Contributions to Indian Society
Military and Financial Expertise
The Jewish community’s skills in military and financial matters impressed local rulers. During a war with the Chola Kingdom, Jews assisted the Kerala king, earning them a copper plate in recognition of their service.
Professional Diversity
Over time, Jews in India adapted to various professions:
- Agriculture
- Trade
- Law
- Engineering
- Medicine
- Teaching
This professional diversity allowed them to contribute significantly to Indian society.
Cultural Integration and Preservation
Culinary Fusion
The Jewish community embraced local ingredients, incorporating coriander and curry leaves into their traditional dishes. This culinary fusion is a testament to their adaptability and respect for Indian culture.
Synagogues: Spiritual Anchors
The first synagogue in India was built around the 4th century in Kodungallur, Kerala. Today, the Paradesi Synagogue in Kochi stands as one of the oldest active synagogues in India.
Jewish Communities Across India
Jews settled in various parts of India, including:
- Mumbai (formerly Bombay)
- Kolkata (formerly Calcutta)
- Mizoram
- Manipur
- Delhi
Different Jewish communities emerged, each with its unique history:
- Bene Israel in Western India
- Malabar Jews in Kerala
- Baghdadi Jews in Bengal
- Bnei Menashe in Northeast India
- Bene Ephraim in Andhra Pradesh
Modern Times: Challenges and Opportunities
While many Jews left for Israel after the 1950s, approximately 5,000 still call India home. In Delhi alone, about 10 Jewish families maintain their community ties, organizing meetings at the central synagogue.
Notable Indian Jews
The Jewish community has produced several prominent figures in Indian society:
- Ezra Mir: Artist
- Ruby Myers (stage name Sulochana): Early Bollywood star
- Esther Victoria Abraham: First Miss India (1947)
- Major General Jack Jacob: Indian Army veteran
- David Sassoon: 19th-century businessman and philanthropist
- Sharon Lowen: Renowned Odissi dancer
- Nadira: Famous Bollywood actress
- Aditi Roy Kapoor: Bollywood actor (half-Jewish)
The Future of Jewish-Indian Relations
Today, India continues to be a welcoming destination for Israelis, especially young travelers seeking a break from mandatory military service. Areas like Himachal Pradesh have become known as “Mini Israel,” featuring Hebrew signage and Jewish cuisine.
As we reflect on the 2,000-year journey of Jews in India, it’s clear that their story is one of mutual respect, cultural exchange, and peaceful coexistence. The Jewish community’s contributions to India have enriched the nation’s diverse tapestry, making it a more vibrant and inclusive place for all.
